230 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
230 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
## Overview
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The key to understanding how to use this software is to understand the input file.
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This document aims to tell the user all they need to know.
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Note: the input file is needed in the *current* version of the software.
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Future versions may store the transactional activity in a database or similar file (though there are no current plans for this).
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At that time, it may be that additional transactions are entered directly into the software.
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For now, however, additional transactions must be added to the input file,
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and then the input file is imported ***in full*** every time the software is run.
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## Preface
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`cryptools` is a command-line utility that does not store data.
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It is not a full-featured bookkeeping tool that stores your transactions in a persistent ledger.
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You cannot open the software later, load the ledger, and enter new transactions.
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Rather, you must maintain the input file outside of `cryptools`.
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If you have new transactions, you must append them to the input file.
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Once you have added new transactions to the input file and wish to view updated reports,
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you must run the software again and import the recently-updated input file.
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New reports will be generated at that time.
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When `cryptools` runs, it imports the input file, processes the transactions, and prints reports (all, or those you choose).
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The transaction reports reflect income, expenses, realized gains, and realized losses (and holding period).
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At a minimum, the account reports reflect account balances and cost basis of holdings.
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Some account reports reflect *all* movements in *every* lot in *every* account, including tracking of cost basis and more.
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After the reports have been printed/exported, the software stops running and the memory is abandoned/cleared.
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Once the software has run, you rely on the reports to tell you everything you need to know.
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### Why should I go to the trouble?
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Think about this: cryptocurrency exchanges have **no way** to track the cost basis of their users' holdings,
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nor can they verify how the funds they disburse are used.
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At most, an exchange will be able to provide the gross value of their transactions (what `cryptools` calls `proceeds`).
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If exchanges provide a user's trading activity to the IRS, for example, gross value is all they can provide.
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Consequently, unless you prove otherwise, the IRS will assume all trades and all disbursements are taxable income/gains.
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With that in mind, aggregating one's entire crypto history is very important!
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Cryptocurrency users **cannot** rely on exchanges to provide them (or the IRS) with gain/loss information.
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This means it is **up to users** to keep track of their cost basis.
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By aggregating all your cryptocurrency activity, this software enables you to track **and prove** your cost basis.
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Using these reports, you can walk back in time, tracing the history of the cost basis from every gain/loss calculation.
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(If you paid cash for any cryptos, proof becomes much more difficult, but at least you have an otherwise complete ledger.)
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The hurdle, of course, is preparing the input file.
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### A final note before digging in
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The input file *can be* intimidating.
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Admittedly, some people will have a tough time preparing it correctly or at all.
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The trouble tends to come when aggregating a user's entire crypto history long after the fact.
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Even so, preparing and maintaining the input file is **not** very complicated.
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There are a small, limited number of rules to follow, and that's it.
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The truth is that the input file is simple to maintain once it is brought current and kept current.
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### Rules of the input file
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The rules for successfully preparing and maintaining the input file can generally be summarized as follows:
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1. The first account must be given number `1`, and each additional account must count up sequentially.
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2. `Proceeds` is the value of the transaction (measured in the home currency), whether spent, received, or exchanged.
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It is **required** in order to properly calculate income/expense/gain/loss.
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3. `Proceeds` must have a period as the decimal separator (`1,000.00` not `1.000,00`) and must not contain the ticker or symbol (USD or $).
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4. Margin quote account `ticker`s must be followed by an underscore and the base account ticker (i.e., `BTC_xmr`).
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5. Only home currency accounts can have negative balances. Non-margin crypto accounts may not go negative at any time.
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(Exception: crypto margin accounts may go negative.)
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As you can see, most of the rules can generally be ignored.
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In fact, the only tricky field is the `proceeds` column, but even that becomes second nature soon enough.
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Keep an eye out for a related project that creates input file pro formas from exchange reports, thus automating some of the process.
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## Visual representation
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In order to be successfully imported, the CSV input file **must** be in a prescribed form that effectively looks like this:
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|txDate |proceeds|memo |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |
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|-------|--------|------------|------|--------|-------|--------|------------|
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| | | |Bank |Exchange|Wallet |Exchange|Simplewallet|
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| | | | USD | BTC | BTC | XMR | XMR |
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| | | | non | non | non | non | non |
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|2-1-16 |0 |Bought | -220| 0.25| | | |
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|3-1-16 |250 |Traded | | -0.25| | 180| |
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|4-1-16 |0 |Transferred | | | | -90| 90|
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|5-1-16 |0 |Transferred | | | | 90| -90|
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|5-2-16 |160 |Traded | | 0.3| | -90| |
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|6-1-16 |0 |Transferred | | -0.3| 0.3| | |
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|7-1-16 |200 |Traded | | 0.7| | -90| |
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|8-1-16 |0 |Transferred | | 0.3| -0.3| | |
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|9-1-16 |400 |Traded | | -0.5| | 200| |
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|10-1-16|900 |Traded | | 1| | -200| |
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|11-1-16|0 |Transferred | | -1.5| 1.5| | |
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|12-1-16|2000 |Traded* | | | -1.5| | 400|
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---
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### CSV file components - What they are
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##### Columns
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The first three columns (ignoring the first four rows) are for transaction metadata.
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* **txDate**: With each row being a transaction, this is the date of the transaction in that row.
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* **proceeds**: This is either (a) the value transferred from one party to another in a transaction,
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or (b) the value exchanged in a trade (an exchange transaction).
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In both cases, the value is measured in one's home currency!
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For example, if the user spends 0.01 BTC at a time when BTC/USD is $10,000/BTC,
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and in exchange for that 0.01 BTC the user receives something valued at $100,
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the proceeds of that transaction (despite it being an outflow) would be $100.
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Similarly, for the user receiving the 0.01 BTC (as an inflow), they would reflect proceeds of $100 as well.
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And if the recipient immediately spent the 0.01 BTC in exchange for XMR,
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the proceeds of that transaction would also be $100.
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Note: when transfering to oneself (i.e., not changing currencies), the proceeds value is irrelevant and ignored.
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This value is also ignored when the user's home currency is spent.
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* **memo**: is a description of the transaction.
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This should be used to describe the nature of, or reason for, the transaction.
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This could be important for remembering, for example, a tax-deductible payment,
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or maybe for distinguishing between mining earnings and a customer deposit.
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A memo is also useful when evaluating the reports you print/export,
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because there may be several transactions on the same day and a good memo helps you identify them.
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* *Accounts*: After three columns of transaction metadata, the *Account* columns follow.
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The increases and decreases to each account are recorded directly below in that account's column
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as part of the transaction activity.
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##### Rows
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The first four rows (ignoring the first three columns) are for account metadata.
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* *Account number* (**1**, **2**, **3**, **4**, **5**, ...): the top row reflects the account number
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(which currently must start at 1 and increase sequentially).
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* *Name*: This second row is the [friendly] name of the wallet or exchange.
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* *Ticker*: This should be self-explanatory (i.e., USD, EUR, BTC, XMR, ETH, LTC, etc.).
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* *Margin_bool*: This describes, in 'yes' or 'no' fashion, whether the account is a margin account.
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* *Transactions*: After four header rows to describe the accounts, the transaction rows follow.
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Each row reflects the net effect on the accounts involved, net of any fees.
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There must be a value associated with *either* one *or* two accounts in each transaction row,
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depending on the type of transaction, i.e.:
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* a deposit will reflect a positive value posting to the account where money was deposited
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* a payment will reflect a negative value posting to the account from where the money was spent
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* an exchange would reflect a negative value in one account and a positive value in another (differing `ticker`s)
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* a transfer (toSelf) would also reflect a negative value in one account and a positive value in another (same `ticker`)
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(An exchange transaction will trigger a gain or loss, whereas a toSelf transfer would not.)
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A note on transaction/network fees and exchange fees:
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In the first transaction above, 0.25 BTC was received,
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but the purchase would probably really have been buying, say, 0.25002.
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That extra 0.00002 is a transaction fee kept by the exchange, so we ignore it.
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The 0.25 represents the increase in the BTC balance, so 0.25 is used.
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The same logic applies to the next transaction.
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0.25 BTC was used to buy XMR, and the XMR balance increased by 180 as a result.
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But the user would have paid a transaction fee, so the exchange rate suggested the amount paid for was really, say, 180.002.
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In fact, the user would literally have placed an order for 180.002 at a price where they'd pay 0.25.
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Or, if the fee is paid in BTC, the order might have been .2498 BTC for 180 XMR, but the total cost is .25 BTC because of a .0002 BTC fee.
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The details regarding the fee are irrelevant, however, when it comes to entering the trade in the input file
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because this software only cares about what you pay and what you receive in exchange as a result of the transaction.
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Looking at the third and fourth transactions, the same amount was withdrawn from one account and deposited into another account.
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This may be an unrealistic scenario because network transaction fees and exchange transfer fees are ignored.
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There are exchanges who will cover the transfer fee, but it's not common.
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It certainly is unrealistic for the user to send from their personal wallet (in the fourth transaction) with no network fee.
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These transactions are oversimplified on purpose.
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If you transfer 0.1 BTC from one account to another, and the other account receives 0.0999, then that's what you record.
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###### Margin accounts
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* Margin accounts always come in pairs, the base account and the quote account.
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* Margin gain or loss is accounted for when there is activity in the related "spot" account.
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For example, a loss will not be recorded until "spot" holdings are used to pay off loans.
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Until "spot" funds are spent to pay off the margin loans, it's simply an [unrecorded] unrealized loss.
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### CSV file components - Data types, restrictions, and important points
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##### Columns
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* **txDate**: As a default, this parser expects a format of `MM-dd-YY` or `MM-dd-YYYY`.
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The ISO 8601 date format (`YYYY-MM-dd` or `YY-MM-dd` both work) may be indicated by setting the environment variable `ISO_DATE` to `1` or `true`.
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The hyphen, slash, or period delimiters (`-`, `/`, or `.`) may be indicated
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by setting `DATE_SEPARATOR` to `h`, `s`, or `p`, respectively (hyphen, `-`, is default).
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* **proceeds**: This is can be any **positive** number that will parse into a floating point 32-bit number,
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as long as the **decimal separator** is a **period**.
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The software is designed to automatically *remove any commas* prior to parsing.
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The value in this field is denominated in the user's **home currency**,
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but be sure not to include the ticker or symbol of the currency
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(i.e., for `$14,567.27 USD`, enter `14567.27` or `14,567.27`).
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* **memo**: This can be a string of characters of any length, though fewer than 20-30 characters is advised.
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Currently, **commas** in the memo field are **not** supported.
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* *quantity*: This is similar to **proceeds**, in that the **decimal separator** must be a **period**,
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and you *cannot* include the ticker or symbol of the currency in that field.
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It is different from **proceeds** in that this will be parsed into a 128-bit precision decimal floating point number,
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and a negative value can be indicated via a preceding `-`.
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Negative values currently cannot be parsed if they are instead wrapped in parentheses (i.e., `(123.00)`).
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##### Rows
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* *Account number*: This will be parsed as a positive integer, the first account currently must
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be `1`, and each additional Account column must increase this value by `1`.
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* *Name*: This can be any string, though it should be very short, ideally.
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* *Ticker*: This can also be any string, but be mindful of the special formatting required for the margin quote account.
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Consider a scenario where XMR is being margin-traded in BTC terms.
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The price would be quoted in terms of the currency pair XMR/BTC, where XMR is the base account and BTC is the quote account.
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The software will behave fine with the XMR ticker as `XMR`, but the BTC ticker must be reflected as `BTC_xmr`.
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Note the underscore (`_`) that is used to signify that BTC was used to long or short XMR.
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* *Margin_bool*: This is usually set as "no", "non" (i.e., non-margin), or "false".
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To indicate a margin account, set it as "yes", "margin" or "true".
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Anything aside from those six choices will fail to parse.
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* *Transactions*: After the four header rows describing the accounts, the transaction rows follow.
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Each row is a separate transaction.
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For each transaction, input the **date**, **proceeds**, **memo**, and **quantity** by which the account balances change.
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As mentioned elsewhere, a minimum of one and a maximum of two **Accounts** can be associated with a single transaction. |